In Bihar, the growing popularity of auto rickshaws and e-rickshaws has become a notable trend in the past few years, with these vehicles increasingly serving as a means of livelihood for many. The surge in their purchases, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic, reflects a shift in the employment landscape, where people are opting for self-employment through these vehicles instead of working for low-wage private companies. As of December 2025, over 88% of the e-rickshaws in the state have been purchased in the last five years, highlighting a significant trend in this mode of transportation.
The Rise of E-Rickshaws in Bihar
According to the Bihar Transport Department, a total of 306,544 e-rickshaws have been purchased in the state. The numbers speak for themselves: in 2020, the state saw only 11,854 e-rickshaw purchases, a modest number amid the pandemic. However, in 2021, the figure rose to 19,744, and in 2022, as the pandemic’s grip started loosening, the number surged to 43,884. The year 2023 saw an even bigger leap with 69,627 e-rickshaws sold, and 2024 reached a record-breaking 76,817 units. This year, 2025, has already seen 60,743 new e-rickshaws purchased.
This remarkable increase over the past five years means that more than 88% of the e-rickshaws in the state have been bought within this short period, indicating a growing demand for affordable and eco-friendly transportation options.
Autos: Another Mode of Self-Employment
The trend in auto rickshaw purchases mirrors the rise of e-rickshaws. In total, 523,899 autos have been registered in Bihar. In 2020, 31,219 autos were purchased, followed by 19,626 in 2021. The following years showed steady growth, with 22,660 autos purchased in 2022, 32,006 in 2023, and 36,327 in 2024. The first half of 2025 has already seen 41,169 new autos bought, marking a 29% increase in the total number of autos purchased over the last five years.
This surge in auto purchases reflects the broader shift toward self-employment as people seek alternatives to traditional jobs. With the affordability of loans and the relative ease of operating an auto, more individuals are choosing this path to secure their livelihoods.
The Impact of the Pandemic on Employment Trends
The COVID-19 pandemic played a significant role in accelerating this shift. As the economy faced setbacks, many individuals, especially those working in private companies with low wages, found themselves out of work or seeking alternatives to their traditional employment. With a large number of people losing their jobs, the auto and e-rickshaw market emerged as a beacon of hope for those seeking a means to earn a livelihood. By purchasing these vehicles, individuals were able to transition from dependent wage earners to self-employed entrepreneurs.
For many, the decision to purchase an auto or e-rickshaw was not just about earning a living but also about taking control of their own futures. With daily earnings averaging between ₹1,000 and ₹1,500, depending on the hours worked, these individuals have been able to support their families and lead more independent lives.
Personal Stories of Transformation
Take the example of Kundan, who was previously employed in a private company in Ludhiana. After the pandemic, Kundan moved back to Patna, where he decided to purchase an auto rickshaw with a loan. Now, he earns between ₹1,000 and ₹1,500 daily by driving the auto, leading a comfortable life with his family. He no longer feels the need to rely on a traditional job. Kundan’s story reflects the transformation many individuals have undergone in Bihar’s shifting employment landscape.
Similarly, Praveen, who previously worked as a security guard at an apartment, faced challenges earning a decent living despite working overtime. He decided to invest in an e-rickshaw by taking a loan. Now, Praveen earns around ₹1,000 per day, working fewer hours and balancing his family responsibilities. His story highlights how these vehicles have provided an avenue for people to transition from low-paying jobs to self-employment.
A Promising Future for Self-Employment in Bihar
The rise of auto rickshaws and e-rickshaws has had a profound impact on the economy and employment landscape in Bihar. While these vehicles have provided a much-needed source of income for many, the need for support from the government is also clear. The demand for these vehicles is not just limited to urban areas but has also extended to rural parts of Bihar, where e-rickshaws are becoming increasingly popular. These vehicles offer an accessible mode of transportation, helping to improve the mobility of people and goods in both cities and villages.
However, despite their success in providing livelihoods, auto and e-rickshaw drivers still face numerous challenges. Issues such as insufficient infrastructure, lack of proper parking spaces, and challenges in securing loans remain significant obstacles. Industry experts believe that the state government should address these concerns and create an environment that supports the growth of this self-employment sector. Additionally, providing affordable loans and financial assistance to prospective auto and e-rickshaw buyers could further boost the number of people adopting this livelihood model.
The Role of Auto and E-Rickshaws in Fighting Unemployment
Auto rickshaws and e-rickshaws have become more than just modes of transportation; they have emerged as vital tools in the fight against unemployment in Bihar. In a state where agriculture is the primary source of income, the transportation sector is becoming an essential alternative for those seeking stable employment opportunities. These vehicles are now offering jobs to thousands of people, creating a new wave of entrepreneurs in the state.
While the success of auto and e-rickshaw businesses in Bihar cannot be denied, the state government needs to address the challenges faced by drivers to ensure the continued growth and sustainability of this sector. As Bihar looks to its future, these vehicles are likely to play an increasingly important role in providing jobs and helping people become financially independent.
The rise in the purchase of auto rickshaws and e-rickshaws in Bihar over the past five years is a testament to the resilience and adaptability of the people in the state. What started as a response to the economic challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic has now evolved into a thriving sector that offers a lifeline for many individuals looking to secure their livelihoods. With proper support from the government and the community, auto and e-rickshaw drivers in Bihar can continue to play a crucial role in the state’s economic growth and employment generation.
